What is the recommended partition scheme for mac os x?

I did a clean install of yosemite on my MacBook Pro. I have not partitioned my hard drive and have left everything by default. I would however like to use the recommended schematic for Linux systems (Partition for the OS (root directory), Partition for /Home and one for my data). Is there a way to do this with mac? I am not aware that i could have done this during the installation process especially choosing a partition for the OS. Furthermore I wonder if it would be possible to partition the HD after the installation and move all the data later. I'm looking for some kind of guidance how I can do that clean.