How to read iPhone system logs?

Does the iphone (and ipod/pad?) have an equivalent to the Windows Event Log? How can one read it?

I'd like to examine the event log for things like unlock events (successful and failed), charging times (connect/disconnect), network access (connect/disconnect) for both wifi and data, and power cycles (on/off). Bonus points for what apps run and when. All going back several weeks (if possible).

I want to check existing history, not install something on the device that will track this kind of information going forward. I would also prefer not to install something in order to get historical logs, but will do so if that's the only route forward. I don't have a Mac, but do have Windows 7 (and Linux if need be).

The devices are not jailbroken and running iOS 8.